diff --git a/src/actions/recipient.actions.ts b/src/actions/recipient.actions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e05515b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actions/recipient.actions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"use server"
+
+import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache"
+
+import {
+  type CreateRecipientFormType,
+  createRecipientSchema,
+  type UpdateRecipientFormType,
+  updateRecipientSchema,
+} from "@/schemas/recipient.schema"
+import {
+  createRecipientUseCase,
+  updateRecipientUseCase,
+} from "@/use-cases/recipient.use-cases"
+
+export async function createNewRecipient(formData: CreateRecipientFormType) {
+  const validatedFields = createRecipientSchema.safeParse(formData)
+
+  if (!validatedFields.success) {
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      errors: validatedFields.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const result = await createRecipientUseCase(validatedFields.data)
+
+    if (!result.success) {
+      return result
+    }
+
+    revalidatePath("/recipients")
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      message: "Recipient created successfully",
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Database error:", error)
+    return {
+      message: "Failed to create recipient",
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function updateRecipient(formData: UpdateRecipientFormType) {
+  const validatedFields = updateRecipientSchema.safeParse(formData)
+
+  if (!validatedFields.success) {
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      errors: validatedFields.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const result = await updateRecipientUseCase(validatedFields.data)
+
+    if (!result.success) {
+      return result
+    }
+
+    revalidatePath("/recipients")
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      message: "Recipient updated successfully",
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Database error:", error)
+    return {
+      message: "Failed to update recipient",
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/recipients/_components/recipient.form.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/recipients/_components/recipient.form.tsx
index b6e5955..20e0b75 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/recipients/_components/recipient.form.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/recipients/_components/recipient.form.tsx
@@ -4,19 +4,18 @@ import { zodResolver } from "@hookform/resolvers/zod"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
 import { useForm } from "react-hook-form"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
-
-import { SubmitButton } from "@/components/forms/submitButton"
-import { RecipientDepartment } from "@/generated/prisma/client"
 import {
   createNewRecipient,
   updateRecipient,
-} from "@/lib/actions/recipient.actions"
+} from "@/actions/recipient.actions"
+import { SubmitButton } from "@/components/forms/submitButton"
+import { RECIPIENT_DEPARTMENTS } from "@/lib/constants"
 import {
   type CreateRecipientFormType,
   recipientSchema,
   type UpdateRecipientFormType,
-} from "@/lib/schemas/recipients.schemas"
-import type { Recipient } from "@/lib/types"
+} from "@/schemas/recipient.schema"
+import type { Recipient } from "@/types"
 
 interface RecipientFormProps {
   initialData?: Recipient
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ export default function RecipientForm({
           className="w-full rounded-lg border px-4 py-2"
         >
           <option value="">Select a department</option>
-          {Object.keys(RecipientDepartment).map((department) => (
+          {Object.keys(RECIPIENT_DEPARTMENTS).map((department) => (
             <option key={department} value={department}>
               {department}
             </option>
diff --git a/src/lib/actions/recipient.actions.ts b/src/lib/actions/recipient.actions.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a7f71a3..0000000
--- a/src/lib/actions/recipient.actions.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-"use server"
-
-import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache"
-
-import prisma from "@/lib/prisma"
-import {
-  type CreateRecipientFormType,
-  createRecipientSchema,
-  type UpdateRecipientFormType,
-  updateRecipientSchema,
-} from "@/lib/schemas/recipients.schemas"
-import { RecipientService } from "@/services/recipient.service"
-
-export async function createNewRecipient(formData: CreateRecipientFormType) {
-  const validatedFields = createRecipientSchema.safeParse(formData)
-
-  if (!validatedFields.success) {
-    return {
-      success: false,
-      errors: validatedFields.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
-    }
-  }
-
-  const { username, firstName, lastName, department, email, phone } =
-    validatedFields.data
-
-  try {
-    const existingRecipientUsername =
-      await RecipientService.findByUsername(username)
-
-    if (existingRecipientUsername) {
-      return {
-        success: false,
-        errors: {
-          username: ["Username already exists"],
-        },
-      }
-    }
-
-    const existingRecipientEmail = await RecipientService.findByEmail(
-      email || "",
-    )
-
-    if (existingRecipientEmail) {
-      return {
-        success: false,
-        errors: {
-          email: ["Email already exists"],
-        },
-      }
-    }
-
-    await RecipientService.create({
-      username: username || (firstName[0] + lastName).toLowerCase(),
-      firstName,
-      lastName,
-      department: department,
-      email: email || null,
-      phone: phone || null,
-    })
-
-    revalidatePath("/recipients")
-
-    return {
-      success: true,
-      message: "Recipient created successfully",
-    }
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error("Database error:", error)
-    return {
-      message: "Failed to create recipient",
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export async function updateRecipient(formData: UpdateRecipientFormType) {
-  const validatedFields = updateRecipientSchema.safeParse(formData)
-
-  if (!validatedFields.success) {
-    return {
-      success: false,
-      errors: validatedFields.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
-    }
-  }
-
-  const { id, username, firstName, lastName, department, email, phone } =
-    validatedFields.data
-
-  try {
-    const existingRecipient = await RecipientService.findByUsername(username)
-
-    if (existingRecipient && existingRecipient.id !== id) {
-      return {
-        success: false,
-        errors: {
-          username: ["Username already exists"],
-        },
-      }
-    }
-
-    const existingRecipientEmail = await RecipientService.findByEmail(
-      email || "",
-    )
-
-    if (existingRecipientEmail && existingRecipientEmail.id !== id) {
-      return {
-        success: false,
-        errors: {
-          email: ["Email already exists"],
-        },
-      }
-    }
-
-    await prisma.recipient.update({
-      where: { id },
-      data: {
-        username,
-        firstName,
-        lastName,
-        department: department,
-        email: email || null,
-        phone: phone || null,
-      },
-    })
-
-    revalidatePath("/recipients")
-
-    return {
-      success: true,
-      message: "Recipient updated successfully",
-    }
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error("Database error:", error)
-    return {
-      message: "Failed to update recipient",
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/src/lib/constants.ts b/src/lib/constants.ts
index 4f7ae1b..c894af7 100644
--- a/src/lib/constants.ts
+++ b/src/lib/constants.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@ export const SIGN_IN_URL = "/login"
 
 export const TOKEN_EXPIRATION_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 2 // 2 hour
 
+export const RECIPIENT_DEPARTMENTS = {
+  IT: "IT",
+  ENGINEERING: "ENGINEERING",
+  LOGISTICS: "LOGISTICS",
+  TRAFFIC: "TRAFFIC",
+  DRIVER: "DRIVER",
+  ADMINISTRATION: "ADMINISTRATION",
+  SALES: "SALES",
+  OTHER: "OTHER",
+} as const
+
 export const ITEM_STATUS = {
   AVAILABLE: "AVAILABLE",
   ASSIGNED: "ASSIGNED",
diff --git a/src/lib/schemas/recipients.schemas.ts b/src/schemas/recipient.schema.ts
similarity index 87%
rename from src/lib/schemas/recipients.schemas.ts
rename to src/schemas/recipient.schema.ts
index 7cc7615..940fc24 100644
--- a/src/lib/schemas/recipients.schemas.ts
+++ b/src/schemas/recipient.schema.ts
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ export const recipientSchema = z.object({
   username: z
     .string()
     .min(1, {
-        error: "Username is required"
+      error: "Username is required",
     })
     .nonempty("Username is required"),
   firstName: z.string().min(1, {
-      error: "First name is required"
-}),
+    error: "First name is required",
+  }),
   lastName: z.string().min(1, {
-      error: "Last name is required"
-}),
+    error: "Last name is required",
+  }),
   department: z.enum(
     [
       "IT",
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export const recipientSchema = z.object({
       "OTHER",
     ],
     {
-        error: "Department is required"
+      error: "Department is required",
     },
   ),
   email: z.string().optional().nullable(),
diff --git a/src/services/recipient.service.ts b/src/services/recipient.service.ts
index e5b9e62..c9c104c 100644
--- a/src/services/recipient.service.ts
+++ b/src/services/recipient.service.ts
@@ -40,19 +40,39 @@ export const RecipientService = {
     return prisma.recipient.count()
   },
 
-  findById: async (id: string): Promise<Recipient | null> => {
-    return prisma.recipient.findUnique({ where: { id } })
+  findById: async (
+    id: string,
+    db: Prisma.TransactionClient | typeof prisma = prisma,
+  ): Promise<Recipient | null> => {
+    return db.recipient.findUnique({ where: { id } })
   },
 
-  findByUsername: async (username: string): Promise<Recipient | null> => {
-    return prisma.recipient.findUnique({ where: { username } })
+  findByUsername: async (
+    username: string,
+    db: Prisma.TransactionClient | typeof prisma = prisma,
+  ): Promise<Recipient | null> => {
+    return db.recipient.findUnique({ where: { username } })
   },
 
-  findByEmail: async (email: string): Promise<Recipient | null> => {
-    return prisma.recipient.findUnique({ where: { email } })
+  findByEmail: async (
+    email: string,
+    db: Prisma.TransactionClient | typeof prisma = prisma,
+  ): Promise<Recipient | null> => {
+    return db.recipient.findUnique({ where: { email } })
   },
 
-  create: async (data: Prisma.RecipientCreateInput): Promise<Recipient> => {
-    return prisma.recipient.create({ data })
+  create: async (
+    data: Prisma.RecipientCreateInput,
+    db: Prisma.TransactionClient | typeof prisma = prisma,
+  ): Promise<Recipient> => {
+    return db.recipient.create({ data })
+  },
+
+  update: async (
+    id: string,
+    data: Prisma.RecipientUpdateInput,
+    db: Prisma.TransactionClient | typeof prisma = prisma,
+  ): Promise<Recipient> => {
+    return db.recipient.update({ where: { id }, data })
   },
 }
diff --git a/src/use-cases/recipient.use-cases.ts b/src/use-cases/recipient.use-cases.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..720127a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/use-cases/recipient.use-cases.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import { Prisma } from "@/generated/prisma/client"
+import prisma from "@/lib/prisma"
+import type {
+  CreateRecipientFormType,
+  UpdateRecipientFormType,
+} from "@/schemas/recipient.schema"
+import { RecipientService } from "@/services/recipient.service"
+
+type FieldErrors = Record<string, string[]>
+
+type RecipientUseCaseResult =
+  | {
+      success: true
+    }
+  | {
+      success: false
+      errors: FieldErrors
+    }
+
+function recipientError(errors: FieldErrors): RecipientUseCaseResult {
+  return {
+    success: false,
+    errors,
+  }
+}
+
+function uniqueErrorFor(error: unknown): FieldErrors | null {
+  if (
+    !(error instanceof Prisma.PrismaClientKnownRequestError) ||
+    error.code !== "P2002"
+  ) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  const target = Array.isArray(error.meta?.target) ? error.meta.target : []
+
+  if (target.includes("username")) {
+    return { username: ["Username already exists"] }
+  }
+
+  if (target.includes("email")) {
+    return { email: ["Email already exists"] }
+  }
+
+  return { username: ["Username already exists"] }
+}
+
+export async function createRecipientUseCase(
+  input: CreateRecipientFormType,
+): Promise<RecipientUseCaseResult> {
+  const { username, firstName, lastName, department, email, phone } = input
+
+  try {
+    return await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+      const existingRecipientUsername = await RecipientService.findByUsername(
+        username,
+        tx,
+      )
+
+      if (existingRecipientUsername) {
+        return recipientError({ username: ["Username already exists"] })
+      }
+
+      if (email) {
+        const existingRecipientEmail = await RecipientService.findByEmail(
+          email,
+          tx,
+        )
+
+        if (existingRecipientEmail) {
+          return recipientError({ email: ["Email already exists"] })
+        }
+      }
+
+      await RecipientService.create(
+        {
+          username: username || (firstName[0] + lastName).toLowerCase(),
+          firstName,
+          lastName,
+          department,
+          email: email || null,
+          phone: phone || null,
+        },
+        tx,
+      )
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    const errors = uniqueErrorFor(error)
+
+    if (errors) {
+      return recipientError(errors)
+    }
+
+    throw error
+  }
+}
+
+export async function updateRecipientUseCase(
+  input: UpdateRecipientFormType,
+): Promise<RecipientUseCaseResult> {
+  const { id, username, firstName, lastName, department, email, phone } = input
+
+  try {
+    return await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+      const existingRecipient = await RecipientService.findByUsername(
+        username,
+        tx,
+      )
+
+      if (existingRecipient && existingRecipient.id !== id) {
+        return recipientError({ username: ["Username already exists"] })
+      }
+
+      if (email) {
+        const existingRecipientEmail = await RecipientService.findByEmail(
+          email,
+          tx,
+        )
+
+        if (existingRecipientEmail && existingRecipientEmail.id !== id) {
+          return recipientError({ email: ["Email already exists"] })
+        }
+      }
+
+      await RecipientService.update(
+        id,
+        {
+          username,
+          firstName,
+          lastName,
+          department,
+          email: email || null,
+          phone: phone || null,
+        },
+        tx,
+      )
+
+      return {
+        success: true,
+      }
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    const errors = uniqueErrorFor(error)
+
+    if (errors) {
+      return recipientError(errors)
+    }
+
+    throw error
+  }
+}