diff --git a/src/actions/asset.actions.ts b/src/actions/asset.actions.ts
index 32fa50b..2031140 100644
--- a/src/actions/asset.actions.ts
+++ b/src/actions/asset.actions.ts
@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 
 import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache"
 import { flattenError } from "zod"
+import { localizeAssetFieldErrors } from "@/actions/asset.messages"
+import { getI18n } from "@/i18n/server"
 import {
+  buildCreateAssetSchema,
+  buildUpdateAssetSchema,
   type CreateAssetFormType,
-  createAssetSchema,
   type UpdateAssetFormType,
-  updateAssetSchema,
 } from "@/schemas/asset.schema"
 import { getAuthenticatedUserId } from "@/services/auth.service"
 import {
@@ -15,15 +17,19 @@ import {
 } from "@/use-cases/asset.use-cases"
 
 export async function createAssetAction(formData: CreateAssetFormType) {
-  try {
-    const validatedFields = createAssetSchema.safeParse(formData)
+  const { dictionary } = await getI18n()
+  const copy = dictionary.inventory.assets
+  const validatedFields = buildCreateAssetSchema(copy.schema).safeParse(
+    formData,
+  )
 
-    if (!validatedFields.success) {
-      return {
-        errors: flattenError(validatedFields.error).fieldErrors,
-      }
+  if (!validatedFields.success) {
+    return {
+      errors: flattenError(validatedFields.error).fieldErrors,
     }
+  }
 
+  try {
     const userId = await getAuthenticatedUserId()
 
     const result = await createAssetUseCase({
@@ -32,7 +38,10 @@ export async function createAssetAction(formData: CreateAssetFormType) {
     })
 
     if (!result.success) {
-      return result
+      return {
+        ...result,
+        errors: localizeAssetFieldErrors(result.errors, copy.actions),
+      }
     }
 
     revalidatePath("/inventory/assets")
@@ -42,19 +51,23 @@ export async function createAssetAction(formData: CreateAssetFormType) {
 
     return {
       success: true,
-      message: "Asset created successfully",
+      message: copy.actions.createSuccess,
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error("Database error:", error)
     return {
       success: false,
-      message: "Error creating asset",
+      message: copy.actions.createFailure,
     }
   }
 }
 
 export async function updateAssetAction(formData: UpdateAssetFormType) {
-  const validatedFields = updateAssetSchema.safeParse(formData)
+  const { dictionary } = await getI18n()
+  const copy = dictionary.inventory.assets
+  const validatedFields = buildUpdateAssetSchema(copy.schema).safeParse(
+    formData,
+  )
 
   if (!validatedFields.success) {
     return {
@@ -71,7 +84,10 @@ export async function updateAssetAction(formData: UpdateAssetFormType) {
     })
 
     if (!result.success) {
-      return result
+      return {
+        ...result,
+        errors: localizeAssetFieldErrors(result.errors, copy.actions),
+      }
     }
 
     revalidatePath("/inventory/assets")
@@ -81,13 +97,13 @@ export async function updateAssetAction(formData: UpdateAssetFormType) {
 
     return {
       success: true,
-      message: "Asset updated successfully",
+      message: copy.actions.updateSuccess,
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.error("Database error:", error)
     return {
       success: false,
-      message: "Error updating asset",
+      message: copy.actions.updateFailure,
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/actions/asset.messages.ts b/src/actions/asset.messages.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac8a3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actions/asset.messages.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import type { Dictionary } from "@/i18n/dictionaries"
+
+type AssetActionCopy = Dictionary["inventory"]["assets"]["actions"]
+
+type FieldErrors = Record<string, string[]>
+
+const assetErrorMessageKeys = {
+  "Item not found": "itemNotFound",
+  "Asset not found": "notFound",
+  "This serial number already exists": "duplicateSerialNumber",
+  "Assignment already returned": "assignmentAlreadyReturned",
+  "Previous item not found for available asset": "previousItemNotFound",
+  "Item does not have enough stock": "insufficientStock",
+} as const satisfies Record<string, keyof AssetActionCopy>
+
+function isAssetErrorMessage(
+  message: string,
+): message is keyof typeof assetErrorMessageKeys {
+  return message in assetErrorMessageKeys
+}
+
+function localizeAssetMessage(message: string, copy: AssetActionCopy): string {
+  if (!isAssetErrorMessage(message)) return message
+
+  return copy[assetErrorMessageKeys[message]]
+}
+
+export function localizeAssetFieldErrors(
+  errors: FieldErrors | undefined,
+  copy: AssetActionCopy,
+): FieldErrors | undefined {
+  if (!errors) return undefined
+
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(errors).map(([field, messages]) => [
+      field,
+      messages.map((message) => localizeAssetMessage(message, copy)),
+    ]),
+  )
+}
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/[assetId]/edit/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/[assetId]/edit/page.tsx
index 571233a..ec94198 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/[assetId]/edit/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/[assetId]/edit/page.tsx
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export default async function EditAssetPage({
         recipients={recipients}
         asset={asset as unknown as AssetWithAssignment}
         formCopy={copy.form}
+        schemaCopy={copy.schema}
         statusCopy={copy.status}
         submitButtonCopy={dictionary.common.submitButton}
       />
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/asset.copy.ts b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/asset.copy.ts
index 904f771..a166931 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/asset.copy.ts
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/asset.copy.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import type { Dictionary } from "@/i18n/dictionaries"
+import type { AssetSchemaCopy } from "@/schemas/asset.schema"
 
 export type AssetListCopy = Dictionary["inventory"]["assets"]["list"]
 export type AssetFormCopy = Dictionary["inventory"]["assets"]["form"]
 export type AssetStatusCopy = Dictionary["inventory"]["assets"]["status"]
 export type AssetFallbackCopy = Dictionary["inventory"]["assets"]["fallback"]
+export type { AssetSchemaCopy }
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/edit.asset.form.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/edit.asset.form.tsx
index c2536de..ba49285 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/edit.asset.form.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/edit.asset.form.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import { zodResolver } from "@hookform/resolvers/zod"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
+import { useMemo } from "react"
 import { useForm } from "react-hook-form"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 import { updateAssetAction } from "@/actions/asset.actions"
@@ -11,8 +12,8 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/forms/submitButton"
 import { ITEM_STATUS } from "@/lib/constants"
 import {
+  buildUpdateAssetSchema,
   type UpdateAssetFormType,
-  updateAssetSchema,
 } from "@/schemas/asset.schema"
 import type {
   AssetWithAssignment,
@@ -21,13 +22,18 @@ import type {
   UpdateAssetStatus,
 } from "@/types"
 
-import type { AssetFormCopy, AssetStatusCopy } from "./asset.copy"
+import type {
+  AssetFormCopy,
+  AssetSchemaCopy,
+  AssetStatusCopy,
+} from "./asset.copy"
 
 interface EditAssetFormProps {
   asset: AssetWithAssignment
   items: Item[]
   recipients: Recipient[]
   formCopy: AssetFormCopy
+  schemaCopy: AssetSchemaCopy
   statusCopy: AssetStatusCopy
   submitButtonCopy: SubmitButtonCopy
 }
@@ -37,10 +43,12 @@ export default function EditAssetForm({
   items,
   recipients,
   formCopy,
+  schemaCopy,
   statusCopy,
   submitButtonCopy,
 }: EditAssetFormProps) {
   const router = useRouter()
+  const schema = useMemo(() => buildUpdateAssetSchema(schemaCopy), [schemaCopy])
 
   const {
     register,
@@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ export default function EditAssetForm({
     formState: { errors, isSubmitting, isSubmitSuccessful },
     watch,
   } = useForm<UpdateAssetFormType>({
-    resolver: zodResolver(updateAssetSchema),
+    resolver: zodResolver(schema),
     defaultValues: {
       id: asset.id,
       itemId: asset.itemId ?? undefined,
@@ -81,7 +89,7 @@ export default function EditAssetForm({
     }
 
     if (response?.success) {
-      toast.success("Asset updated successfully")
+      toast.success(response.message)
       router.push(`/inventory/assets`)
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/new.asset.form.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/new.asset.form.tsx
index 8f564a8..f7037b5 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/new.asset.form.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/_components/new.asset.form.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import { zodResolver } from "@hookform/resolvers/zod"
 import { useRouter } from "next/navigation"
+import { useMemo } from "react"
 import { useForm } from "react-hook-form"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 import { createAssetAction } from "@/actions/asset.actions"
@@ -11,17 +12,22 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/forms/submitButton"
 import { ITEM_STATUS } from "@/lib/constants"
 import {
+  buildCreateAssetSchema,
   type CreateAssetFormType,
-  createAssetSchema,
 } from "@/schemas/asset.schema"
 import type { ItemWithoutStock, Recipient } from "@/types"
 
-import type { AssetFormCopy, AssetStatusCopy } from "./asset.copy"
+import type {
+  AssetFormCopy,
+  AssetSchemaCopy,
+  AssetStatusCopy,
+} from "./asset.copy"
 
 interface NewAssetFormProps {
   items: ItemWithoutStock[]
   recipients: Recipient[]
   formCopy: AssetFormCopy
+  schemaCopy: AssetSchemaCopy
   statusCopy: AssetStatusCopy
   submitButtonCopy: SubmitButtonCopy
 }
@@ -30,10 +36,12 @@ export default function NewAssetForm({
   items,
   recipients,
   formCopy,
+  schemaCopy,
   statusCopy,
   submitButtonCopy,
 }: NewAssetFormProps) {
   const router = useRouter()
+  const schema = useMemo(() => buildCreateAssetSchema(schemaCopy), [schemaCopy])
 
   const {
     register,
@@ -42,7 +50,7 @@ export default function NewAssetForm({
     formState: { errors, isSubmitting, isSubmitSuccessful },
     watch,
   } = useForm<CreateAssetFormType>({
-    resolver: zodResolver(createAssetSchema),
+    resolver: zodResolver(schema),
     defaultValues: {
       status: "AVAILABLE",
     },
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ export default function NewAssetForm({
     }
 
     if (response?.success) {
-      toast.success("Asset created successfully")
+      toast.success(response.message)
       router.push(`/inventory/assets`)
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/new/page.tsx b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/new/page.tsx
index e2659c5..ea9c8ad 100644
--- a/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/new/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(dashboard)/inventory/assets/new/page.tsx
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export default async function NewAssetPage() {
         items={items}
         recipients={recipients}
         formCopy={copy.form}
+        schemaCopy={copy.schema}
         statusCopy={copy.status}
         submitButtonCopy={dictionary.common.submitButton}
       />
diff --git a/src/i18n/dictionaries/en.ts b/src/i18n/dictionaries/en.ts
index b1da838..f6ab73d 100644
--- a/src/i18n/dictionaries/en.ts
+++ b/src/i18n/dictionaries/en.ts
@@ -231,6 +231,29 @@ export const en = {
       fallback: {
         unknownStatus: "Unknown status",
       },
+      actions: {
+        createSuccess: "Asset created successfully",
+        createFailure: "Error creating asset",
+        updateSuccess: "Asset updated successfully",
+        updateFailure: "Error updating asset",
+        duplicateSerialNumber: "This serial number already exists",
+        notFound: "Asset not found",
+        itemNotFound: "Item not found",
+        assignmentAlreadyReturned: "Assignment already returned",
+        previousItemNotFound: "Previous item not found for available asset",
+        insufficientStock: "Item does not have enough stock",
+        recipientRequired: "Recipient is required",
+        invalidStatus: "Invalid status",
+        genericFailure: "Error processing asset",
+      },
+      schema: {
+        itemRequired: "Item is required",
+        serialNumberRequired: "Serial number is required",
+        idRequired: "ID is required",
+        statusRequired: "Status is required",
+        invalidCreateStatus: "Status must be Available or Assigned",
+        invalidUpdateStatus: "Invalid status",
+      },
     },
   },
   login: {
diff --git a/src/i18n/dictionaries/es.ts b/src/i18n/dictionaries/es.ts
index 45fad1f..ee5c548 100644
--- a/src/i18n/dictionaries/es.ts
+++ b/src/i18n/dictionaries/es.ts
@@ -234,6 +234,30 @@ export const es = {
       fallback: {
         unknownStatus: "Estado desconocido",
       },
+      actions: {
+        createSuccess: "Activo creado correctamente",
+        createFailure: "Error al crear el activo",
+        updateSuccess: "Activo actualizado correctamente",
+        updateFailure: "Error al actualizar el activo",
+        duplicateSerialNumber: "El número de serie ya existe",
+        notFound: "Activo no encontrado",
+        itemNotFound: "Artículo no encontrado",
+        assignmentAlreadyReturned: "La asignación ya fue devuelta",
+        previousItemNotFound:
+          "Artículo anterior no encontrado para el activo disponible",
+        insufficientStock: "El artículo no tiene stock suficiente",
+        recipientRequired: "El destinatario es obligatorio",
+        invalidStatus: "Estado inválido",
+        genericFailure: "Error al procesar el activo",
+      },
+      schema: {
+        itemRequired: "El artículo es obligatorio",
+        serialNumberRequired: "El número de serie es obligatorio",
+        idRequired: "El activo es obligatorio",
+        statusRequired: "El estado es obligatorio",
+        invalidCreateStatus: "El estado inicial debe ser Disponible o Asignado",
+        invalidUpdateStatus: "Estado inválido",
+      },
     },
   },
   login: {
diff --git a/src/schemas/asset.schema.ts b/src/schemas/asset.schema.ts
index 23adfe4..a9fb59f 100644
--- a/src/schemas/asset.schema.ts
+++ b/src/schemas/asset.schema.ts
@@ -1,37 +1,75 @@
 import { z } from "zod"
 
-export const assetSchema = z.object({
-  id: z.string().optional(),
-  itemId: z.string().min(1, {
-    error: "Item is required",
-  }),
-  serialNumber: z.string().min(1, {
-    error: "Serial number is required",
-  }),
-  deliveryNote: z.string().optional(),
-  notes: z.string().optional(),
-  recipientId: z.string().optional(),
-})
+import type { Dictionary } from "@/i18n/dictionaries"
 
-export const createAssetSchema = assetSchema.extend({
-  status: z.enum(["AVAILABLE", "ASSIGNED"]),
-})
+export type AssetSchemaCopy = Dictionary["inventory"]["assets"]["schema"]
+
+const defaultAssetSchemaCopy: AssetSchemaCopy = {
+  itemRequired: "Item is required",
+  serialNumberRequired: "Serial number is required",
+  idRequired: "ID is required",
+  statusRequired: "Status is required",
+  invalidCreateStatus: "Status must be Available or Assigned",
+  invalidUpdateStatus: "Invalid status",
+}
+
+const createAssetStatuses = ["AVAILABLE", "ASSIGNED"] as const
+const updateAssetStatuses = [
+  "AVAILABLE",
+  "ASSIGNED",
+  "RESERVED",
+  "IN_REPAIR",
+  "BROKEN",
+  "STOLEN",
+  "DISPOSED",
+] as const
+
+function buildAssetBaseSchema(copy: AssetSchemaCopy) {
+  return z.object({
+    id: z.string().optional(),
+    itemId: z.string().min(1, {
+      error: copy.itemRequired,
+    }),
+    serialNumber: z.string().min(1, {
+      error: copy.serialNumberRequired,
+    }),
+    deliveryNote: z.string().optional(),
+    notes: z.string().optional(),
+    recipientId: z.string().optional(),
+  })
+}
+
+export const assetSchema = buildAssetBaseSchema(defaultAssetSchemaCopy)
+
+export function buildCreateAssetSchema(copy: AssetSchemaCopy) {
+  return buildAssetBaseSchema(copy).extend({
+    status: z.enum(createAssetStatuses, {
+      error: (issue) =>
+        issue.input === undefined || issue.input === ""
+          ? copy.statusRequired
+          : copy.invalidCreateStatus,
+    }),
+  })
+}
+
+export const createAssetSchema = buildCreateAssetSchema(defaultAssetSchemaCopy)
 
 export type CreateAssetFormType = z.infer<typeof createAssetSchema>
 
-export const updateAssetSchema = assetSchema.extend({
-  id: z.string().min(1, {
-    error: "ID is required",
-  }),
-  status: z.enum([
-    "AVAILABLE",
-    "ASSIGNED",
-    "RESERVED",
-    "IN_REPAIR",
-    "BROKEN",
-    "STOLEN",
-    "DISPOSED",
-  ]),
-})
+export function buildUpdateAssetSchema(copy: AssetSchemaCopy) {
+  return buildAssetBaseSchema(copy).extend({
+    id: z.string().min(1, {
+      error: copy.idRequired,
+    }),
+    status: z.enum(updateAssetStatuses, {
+      error: (issue) =>
+        issue.input === undefined || issue.input === ""
+          ? copy.statusRequired
+          : copy.invalidUpdateStatus,
+    }),
+  })
+}
+
+export const updateAssetSchema = buildUpdateAssetSchema(defaultAssetSchemaCopy)
 
 export type UpdateAssetFormType = z.infer<typeof updateAssetSchema>
diff --git a/tests/unit/actions/asset.messages.test.ts b/tests/unit/actions/asset.messages.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03a27e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/actions/asset.messages.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
+
+import { localizeAssetFieldErrors } from "@/actions/asset.messages"
+
+const actionCopy = {
+  createSuccess: "Activo creado correctamente",
+  createFailure: "Error al crear el activo",
+  updateSuccess: "Activo actualizado correctamente",
+  updateFailure: "Error al actualizar el activo",
+  duplicateSerialNumber: "El número de serie ya existe",
+  notFound: "Activo no encontrado",
+  itemNotFound: "Artículo no encontrado",
+  assignmentAlreadyReturned: "La asignación ya fue devuelta",
+  previousItemNotFound: "Artículo anterior no encontrado",
+  insufficientStock: "El artículo no tiene stock suficiente",
+  recipientRequired: "El destinatario es obligatorio",
+  invalidStatus: "Estado inválido",
+  genericFailure: "Error al procesar el activo",
+}
+
+describe("asset action message localization", () => {
+  it("localizes known asset field errors", () => {
+    expect(
+      localizeAssetFieldErrors(
+        {
+          itemId: ["Item not found"],
+          id: ["Asset not found", "Assignment already returned"],
+          serialNumber: ["This serial number already exists"],
+          stock: ["Item does not have enough stock"],
+          previousItem: ["Previous item not found for available asset"],
+        },
+        actionCopy,
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({
+      itemId: [actionCopy.itemNotFound],
+      id: [actionCopy.notFound, actionCopy.assignmentAlreadyReturned],
+      serialNumber: [actionCopy.duplicateSerialNumber],
+      stock: [actionCopy.insufficientStock],
+      previousItem: [actionCopy.previousItemNotFound],
+    })
+  })
+
+  it("keeps unknown messages unchanged", () => {
+    expect(
+      localizeAssetFieldErrors(
+        { serialNumber: ["Unexpected asset issue"] },
+        actionCopy,
+      ),
+    ).toEqual({ serialNumber: ["Unexpected asset issue"] })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tests/unit/i18n/dictionaries.test.ts b/tests/unit/i18n/dictionaries.test.ts
index cb77d1f..78e1b09 100644
--- a/tests/unit/i18n/dictionaries.test.ts
+++ b/tests/unit/i18n/dictionaries.test.ts
@@ -458,6 +458,29 @@ describe("i18n dictionaries", () => {
       fallback: {
         unknownStatus: "Unknown status",
       },
+      actions: {
+        createSuccess: "Asset created successfully",
+        createFailure: "Error creating asset",
+        updateSuccess: "Asset updated successfully",
+        updateFailure: "Error updating asset",
+        duplicateSerialNumber: "This serial number already exists",
+        notFound: "Asset not found",
+        itemNotFound: "Item not found",
+        assignmentAlreadyReturned: "Assignment already returned",
+        previousItemNotFound: "Previous item not found for available asset",
+        insufficientStock: "Item does not have enough stock",
+        recipientRequired: "Recipient is required",
+        invalidStatus: "Invalid status",
+        genericFailure: "Error processing asset",
+      },
+      schema: {
+        itemRequired: "Item is required",
+        serialNumberRequired: "Serial number is required",
+        idRequired: "ID is required",
+        statusRequired: "Status is required",
+        invalidCreateStatus: "Status must be Available or Assigned",
+        invalidUpdateStatus: "Invalid status",
+      },
     })
 
     expect(getDictionary("es").inventory.assets).toEqual({
@@ -509,6 +532,30 @@ describe("i18n dictionaries", () => {
       fallback: {
         unknownStatus: "Estado desconocido",
       },
+      actions: {
+        createSuccess: "Activo creado correctamente",
+        createFailure: "Error al crear el activo",
+        updateSuccess: "Activo actualizado correctamente",
+        updateFailure: "Error al actualizar el activo",
+        duplicateSerialNumber: "El número de serie ya existe",
+        notFound: "Activo no encontrado",
+        itemNotFound: "Artículo no encontrado",
+        assignmentAlreadyReturned: "La asignación ya fue devuelta",
+        previousItemNotFound:
+          "Artículo anterior no encontrado para el activo disponible",
+        insufficientStock: "El artículo no tiene stock suficiente",
+        recipientRequired: "El destinatario es obligatorio",
+        invalidStatus: "Estado inválido",
+        genericFailure: "Error al procesar el activo",
+      },
+      schema: {
+        itemRequired: "El artículo es obligatorio",
+        serialNumberRequired: "El número de serie es obligatorio",
+        idRequired: "El activo es obligatorio",
+        statusRequired: "El estado es obligatorio",
+        invalidCreateStatus: "El estado inicial debe ser Disponible o Asignado",
+        invalidUpdateStatus: "Estado inválido",
+      },
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/schemas/asset.schema.test.ts b/tests/unit/schemas/asset.schema.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8086ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/schemas/asset.schema.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
+
+import {
+  buildCreateAssetSchema,
+  buildUpdateAssetSchema,
+} from "@/schemas/asset.schema"
+
+const schemaCopy = {
+  itemRequired: "El artículo es obligatorio",
+  serialNumberRequired: "El número de serie es obligatorio",
+  idRequired: "El activo es obligatorio",
+  statusRequired: "El estado es obligatorio",
+  invalidCreateStatus: "El estado inicial no es válido",
+  invalidUpdateStatus: "El estado no es válido",
+}
+
+describe("asset schema localization", () => {
+  it("uses localized create validation messages", () => {
+    const result = buildCreateAssetSchema(schemaCopy).safeParse({
+      itemId: "",
+      serialNumber: "",
+      status: "BROKEN",
+    })
+
+    expect(result.success).toBe(false)
+    if (!result.success) {
+      const errors = result.error.flatten().fieldErrors
+
+      expect(errors.itemId).toContain(schemaCopy.itemRequired)
+      expect(errors.serialNumber).toContain(schemaCopy.serialNumberRequired)
+      expect(errors.status).toContain(schemaCopy.invalidCreateStatus)
+    }
+  })
+
+  it("uses localized update identifier and status validation messages", () => {
+    const result = buildUpdateAssetSchema(schemaCopy).safeParse({
+      id: "",
+      itemId: "item-1",
+      serialNumber: "SERIAL-1",
+      status: "UNSUPPORTED",
+    })
+
+    expect(result.success).toBe(false)
+    if (!result.success) {
+      const errors = result.error.flatten().fieldErrors
+
+      expect(errors.id).toContain(schemaCopy.idRequired)
+      expect(errors.status).toContain(schemaCopy.invalidUpdateStatus)
+    }
+  })
+
+  it("preserves raw status values for accepted create and update payloads", () => {
+    const createResult = buildCreateAssetSchema(schemaCopy).safeParse({
+      itemId: "item-1",
+      serialNumber: "SERIAL-1",
+      status: "ASSIGNED",
+      recipientId: "recipient-1",
+    })
+
+    expect(createResult.success).toBe(true)
+    if (createResult.success) {
+      expect(createResult.data.status).toBe("ASSIGNED")
+    }
+
+    const updateResult = buildUpdateAssetSchema(schemaCopy).safeParse({
+      id: "asset-1",
+      itemId: "item-1",
+      serialNumber: "SERIAL-1",
+      status: "DISPOSED",
+    })
+
+    expect(updateResult.success).toBe(true)
+    if (updateResult.success) {
+      expect(updateResult.data.status).toBe("DISPOSED")
+    }
+  })
+
+  it("keeps optional asset fields optional", () => {
+    const result = buildCreateAssetSchema(schemaCopy).safeParse({
+      itemId: "item-1",
+      serialNumber: "SERIAL-1",
+      status: "AVAILABLE",
+    })
+
+    expect(result.success).toBe(true)
+  })
+})